Science of Low Level Toxicities PDF Print E-mail

It is the inability to see the effects of chronic,
 low level toxicities on human health that has been,
 and remains, our greatest failing as intelligent beings.
                                                                                     Dr. Boyd Haley

     One of the greatest alarm calls in human history has gone unnoticed for years and as a result, the previously low levels of toxicities are moving higher. Even with the rising tide of reports of chemical pollution in the blood stream of newborn babies and adults alike, we get reporters and medical officials dismissing concerns of chemical toxicity. The WallStreet Journal published last week, “For years, scientists have struggled to explain rising rates of some cancers and childhood brain disorders. Something about modern living has driven a steady rise of certain maladies, from breast and prostate cancer to autism and learning disabilities.” The last thing the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Federal Drug and Food Commission (FDA) care to admit is that these increases are being driven by the rising tide of chemical poisons entering our blood stream.

     The FDA has failed completely in its mission of protecting the public and has allowed, without resistance, thousands of harmful chemicals to flood the environment and contaminate our foods, even approving the poisoning of the public water supply with chemicals like fluoride and chloramines.[i]The CDC does not want the public to understand that it is a part of a paradigm and industry that is actively using poisons (drugs) at high enough doses to kill people. In reality, the toxicology and pharmacology of pharmaceutical drugs (and vaccines) go way beyond what is considered low level toxicity. Pharmaceutical drugs directly kill hundreds of thousands of people a year around the world because of their poisonous characteristics.[ii] The western medical establishment has no choice but to pretend and sell the public on the fantasy that drugs and vaccines are safe when they are not.  

A Harvard thesis has shown a connection between water fluoridation
 and a 700% increase in osteosarcoma in young men if they are
 exposed to fluoridated water during their 6th to 8th years.[iii]
                                                                                      Dr. Paul Connett

     The scientific community is finally responding to the alarming rise in disease and is intensely scrutinizing the prevalence in the environment of certain industrial chemicals that are showing up in just about everyone’s blood stream. The WallStreet Journal continued, “A growing body of animal research suggests to some scientists that even minute traces of some chemicals, always assumed to be biologically insignificant, can affect such processes as gene activation and the brain development of newborns. An especially striking finding: It appears that some substances may have effects at the very lowest exposures that are absent at higher levels. Some scientists, many of them in industry, dismiss such concerns. But the new science of low-dose exposure is challenging centuries of accepted wisdom about toxic substances and rattling the foundation of environmental law.”

Extremely low levels of phthalate[iv], which are used in toys,
 building materials, drug capsules, cosmetics and perfumes,
 have been statistically linked to sperm damage in men
 and genital changes, asthma and allergies in children.[v]


    The greatest problem facing modern civilization is the massive poisoning that is occurring as industry continues to produce hundreds of millions of tons of chemicals a year and as dentists and doctors continue to put patients in harm’s way with exposure to toxic substances. That problem is compounded by senior medical officials and doctors who are deliberately preventing us from realizing the truly massive harm being done. Studies of animals, and in some cases humans, suggest that most of the compounds that are showing up in the blood of both children and adults can affect the brain, hormones, reproductive system or the immune system, or that they are linked to cancer.

                 Bisphenol A, used in miniscule amounts in polycarbonate plastic baby bottles and in resins that line food cans, is an endocrine disruptor[vi]
and has been found to alter brain structure, neurochemistry,
behavior, reproduction and immune response in animals.[vii]
 

    Researchers at Tuffs University School of Medicine have already found that pregnant lab animals exposed to very low levels of bisphenol A produced offspring with impaired mammary-gland development. The exposure levels in the study at Tuffs were 2,000 times lower than the Environment Protection Agency's safe dose for the chemical.[viii] We have to learn about the ill effects from these industrial chemicals quickly because they are being produced in vast quantities worldwide.

    Unbelievable as it seems there are doctors working hard to make sure that we remain passive even as we are crushed by chemical avalanches all around. They would have us poisoned while blindsiding us with the “It’s the dose, not the detection that makes the poison” line. Dr. Charles A. McKay Jr., Dr. Michael G. Holland and Dr. Lewis S. Nelson would deny patients appropriate treatment for chemical toxicity and belittle their fellow physicians saying, “unscrupulous medical practitioners are ordering heavy metal tests to ‘prove’ to patients the need for chelation or other unnecessary, and potentially dangerous, treatments." These doctors go on to say that “A large portion of our toxicology clinic population is convinced their symptoms are due to poisoning, when neither their symptom complex nor laboratory testing justify such a conclusion.”[ix]

Scientists have found that with some chemicals, traces
as minute as mere parts per trillion have biological effects.

     It is pathetic to see these doctors mocking other doctors about the toxic loads in patients when the Centers for Disease Control itself reports that chemicals such as cadmium, mercury and insecticides were found in the bodies of test subjects at levels that could be causing health problems.[x] Or when someone like Dr. Jerome A. Paulson, an associate professor of pediatrics at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, who specializes in children's environmental health says, "We have fouled our own nest. We contaminated the environment sufficiently that there are measurable amounts of potentially toxic substances in people — kids and adults." The CDC reported recently that most American children and adults are carrying in their body dozens of pesticides and toxic compounds used in consumer products, many of them linked to potential health threats and we have doctors mocking others for testing and the appropriate treatment of such conditions. In collating all the latest information it is easy to see that it would actually be the rare person whose body remained un-poisoned, untainted, unaffected from the chemical rape that most of us are being subjected to yet official mainstream medicine’s only answer is to increase toxic exposure with more toxic medicine and vaccines.

Autism is upon us because it’s the outcome of the
50-year experiment of dousing every living being
with an overload of toxic substances, including vaccines.
                                                                            Dr Gregory Ellis

     It’s not difficult to imagine what has led Doctors McKay, Holland and Nelson to discount the large scale poisoning and the long list of chemicals that is penetrating everyone today. These doctors have a 1500’s Swiss doctor named Paracelsus on their brains, a primitive doctor who advocated the use of metals such as mercury and antimony for medical treatment. Paracelsus was the first to say, “It depends only upon the dose whether a poison is a poison or not. A lot kills - a little cures.” McKay, Holland and Nelson are assuming that chemical pollution, chemical drugs and the mercury still used in medicine and dentistry, and the tons of mercury poured into the atmosphere and the billions pounds of pesticides used every year and even the mercury, aluminum and formaldehyde pumped into babies bodies with vaccines, does not qualify as a high enough dose to be alarmed about. Modern science challenges this axiom of toxicology from Dr. Paracelsus of 500 years ago yet it is conditioned so deeply into the brains of medical officials that they cannot see that they are legally condoning the poisoning of the public. 

There is no safe blood lead level in children.
                                                                             Dr. Jim Pirkle (CDC)[xi]

     A parallel reason for casting down Paracelsus and his followers was provided by the National Academy of Sciences in July, which stated that the preponderance of scientific evidence shows that even very low doses of radiation pose a risk of cancer or other health problems and there is no threshold below which exposure can be viewed as harmless. This is critical and addresses radiation amounts commonly used in medical treatment.  The committee gave support to the so-called “linear, no threshold” model that is currently the generally acceptable approach to radiation risk assessment. This approach assumes that the health risks from radiation exposure declines as the dose levels decline, but that each unit of radiation — no matter how small — still is assumed to cause cancer. That means your dental and chest X-rays are dangerous and the CT Scans are 100 times more dangerous and it means that oncologists use treatments that cause cancer to treat cancer when they use radiation treatments. The vaccinationists do the same thing. They use treatments that cause death and disease to prevent disease. They hide behind the bizarre medical assumption that “the dose makes the poison.” The CDC, IOM, FDA, APA, the AMA and many other organizations are living in a fantasy world based on an ancient theory that is disproved on a daily basis by scientist researching the toxicities of chemicals.

A chemical used in munitions, called perchlorat,[xii] is known to
 inhibit production of thyroid hormone[xiii] which children need
for brain development. The chemical has been detected in
 drinking
water supplies in at least 25 states, as well as in fruits,
vegetables and breast milk in mothers across the country.
[xiv]

     This is the tragic mistake of medicine and the greatest failing of our civilization that Dr. Boyd Haley has been talking about for many years. Medicine has endorsed wide scale poisoning whether through industrial pollution, poisoning of the water supplies, food supplies with pesticides, hormones, and preservatives, and through highly toxic drugs and vaccines. All have finally combined to destroy any possibility of using poisons in medically appropriate doses because each toxic chemical is administered and layered on preexisting exposures. And it is anyone’s guess how the hundreds of chemicals in the blood and cells mix with new toxic medical treatments. Medicine must change its paradigm. To not do so today is criminal.

The weed killer atrazine affects the levels of a number of hormones
needed for normal development and function of the reproductive
system, including estrogen, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone. [xv][15]Atrazine has been linked to sexual
malformations in frogs that were exposed to water containing just 1/30th as much atrazine as the EPA regards as safe in human drinking water.[xvi]

    Mercury offers the clearest picture of the chemical madness that has overtaken industry, medicine and dentistry because it is the most well researched toxin in the environment. It is also the most toxic non-radioactive element, which, like radiation, is poisonous on a cellular level at any level. Yet despite the clear science that affirms these statements we see the World Health Organization playing games with people’s heads saying, “The risk from side effects of thimerosal is theoretical, uncertain and, at most, extremely small.” Dr. David Baskin at the department of Neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine demonstrated “that thimerosal in micromolar concentrations rapidly induce membrane and DNA damage, and initiate caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in human neurons and fibroblasts.” In their studies cells were incubated with 125nM – 250uM concentrations of thimerosal and they reported that thimerosal is toxic if applied in micromolar concentrations from 1uM to 250uM.[xvii] Dr. J. Curtis Pendergrass and Dr. Boyd Haley confirm this, stating, “Pure thimerosal was toxic at the low nanomolar level – an extremely low concentration, about 10,000 times less than the thimerosal concentration found in most vaccines. These results leave little doubt about thimerosal being the toxic agent in the vaccines.”[xviii]

   For certain doctors and health care officials the cancer rates, heart disease, increases in asthma, diabetes, autism, serious neurological diseases and the broad swathe of learning disabilities has not yet reached proportions to be alarmed about. For them the doses are still minimal and the detection/statistics irrelevant. If, as a guide, we use the assumptions about toxicity dangers from doctors McKay, Holland and Nelson, then the level at which the dose would become poisonous enough to be worried about remains abstract. Certainly we should expect more from Associate Professors of Emergency Medicine, Associate Medical Directors, Assistant Professors of Emergency Medicine, and Assistant Professors of Surgery, which these doctors are. 

    When it comes to underestimating the poisonous properties of chemicals, these doctors are part of a huge crowd. Representatives of the chemical and pesticide industries, along with the CDC, would like us to believe that the discovery of chemicals in the human body does not mean they pose a threat to human health. “Exposure to these man-made and natural substances is extremely low," said American Chemistry Council spokesman Chris VandenHeuvel. The CDC's director Dr. Gerberding said that "for the vast majority" of the 148 chemicals in the report, "we have no evidence of health effects." When we hear Gerberding make such statements can we feel safe and go to sleep at night secure that our children are protected? All the evidence is screaming a very loud ‘no’ and it seems that Dr Gerberding is either being mislead by her staff or is consciously misleading the public and abusing her power as the head of the CDC. 

     Chemical toxicity and poisoning is a medical problem that is easy for medical officials to downplay because it takes so long to develop. Even potent poisons like mercury accumulate slowly in the human body throughout life. Mercury can cause Minamata disease when it reaches a critical level, and it can cause deformities in an unborn fetus at much lower concentrations. In the case of the famous mercury tragedy in Japan the first case of the disease was only observed 24 years after a factory began dumping mercury into the Minamata Bay.
 

    We no longer need to test every person to ‘prove’ the general need for people to detoxify. Any toxicologist and doctor worth his weight in salt would be assuming 180 degrees in opposition to doctors like McKay, Holland and Nelson. They would be encouraging their patients to assume that a great part of the etiology of their complaints and serious diseases are due to poisoning, even when laboratory testing does not strongly verify such a conclusion. The chemicals are present in the environment and in everyone’s body; no one is immune as recent tests are showing.

     What if it turns out that some common substances have essentially no safe exposure levels at all? That was ultimately what the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded about lead after studying its effects on children for decades. Indications that some other chemicals may have no safe limits have led regulators in Europe and Japan to bar the use of certain compounds in toys and in objects used to serve food.

There is no safe level of mercury, and no one
 has actually shown that there is a safe level.
                                                                        Dr. Lars Friberg 
                                                             Chief Adviser to the WHO on mercury safety

     It is known that levels as low as 0.03 micrograms/m3 may affect your health when the exposure is only transient. Paints, which contained mercury, had to be taken off the market after releasing only 2-3 micrograms/m3. Because of the extreme toxicity of mercury, the U.S. EPA drinking water standard for mercury is 2 parts per billion, which allows for nothing over 4 micrograms per day mercury exposure for an average adult. Four micrograms is 12 thousand trillion atoms of mercury and this is only one chemical. It is now impossible to view chemical toxicity in isolation and it is a well known law of toxicology that trace chemicals have greater effects in combination than singly. Traditional toxicology, which tests things individually, is now obsolete because there are no clinical situations where any chemical substance stands alone. 

The human body is complex, and effects seen in tests
 on small laboratory animals and in human cells don't
necessarily reflect health risks to people.

     Medical officials will find any excuse (like the one above) to delay the day of reckoning. Many of them would have us believe that our understanding of the dangers of exposure to low doses of chemicals is still developing and thus we should study the subject more thoroughly. Others, more honest and less bound by conflicts of interest, simply move to ban chemicals like fluoride and thimerosal when it is obvious that they are hurting people. Russia outlawed the use of thimerosal 20 years ago; veterinarians also spare their beloved animals from the effects of that poison. Most of Europe and many townships in the United States have completely rejected the fluoridation of water. Why? Because fluoride is a poison and thus you see warnings to keep even toothpaste out of the reach of children.

     "The question is what we do about these low levels once we know they're there," says Steve Hentges of the American Plastics Council, a trade association. What we are going to do to stop the poisoning of our world and populations? It is a huge question that we are all going to have to deal with. Medical doctors and scientists who understand the severity of the situation know that all people need to detoxify the chemical poisons that have found a way into the body and would suggest treatments to that effect. The medical establishment and the pharmaceutical companies, on the other hand, would have us continue the chemical onslaught and even add to the problem by making sure medical treatments increase the body’s chemical burden instead of reducing it.    

Lessons in Low-Level Toxicity

 

      The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States recently recommended a stricter limit of lead, which is allowed to be contained in certain types of children's candy.[xix] The new limit recommended for the highly toxic metal in children's candy is not more than one-tenth of a part per million, compared to the previous, decade-old level of one-half a part per million. The Food and Nutrition Board of Institute of Medicine of the National Academies recommends that foods contain no more than 2 ppm (parts per million) of lead and no more than one ppm of mercury. Many, of course, feel these numbers are too high and that foods given to children should have nowhere near these levels of neurological poisons.

 

     Sounds like very little though, until you scale it to parts per billion. The old standard for lead in candy allowed for 500 parts per billion, and or now the recommendation is to bring that down to 100 parts per billion. Our official government benchmark is 2,000 parts per billion of lead and 1,000 parts per billion of mercury. Officials cringe at mention of parts per billion and, when we take it down to the parts per trillion scale, things start to look particularly devastating. One part per million is one thousand parts per billion, which translates to one million parts per trillion.

 

     When bringing children to the doctor for flu vaccinations, the last thing on a parents' mind may be that the vaccine is a gamble for something far worse than the flu. The number of ppm of mercury in a current influenza vaccine varies depending on the flu vaccine used.[xx] It is 50 ppm (50,000 ppb) (50 million parts per trillion) mercury for the "Thimerosal Preserved" vaccines (Chiron's Fluvirin and Aventis' Fluzone). Though governmental medical authorities insist this is safe and are even poised to force all parents to subject their children to these shots in a declared epidemic, even though these shots contain fifty times the current government-recommended safe levels for mercury in food.

 

     We do not even want to think about the enormous difference in absorption rates for injected mercury vs. mercury ingested through food consumption. We can safely eat much more mercury for not only will a great portion of it not be absorbed but also any selenium in the food will neutralize the mercury. Injecting mercury directly into children bypasses all their natural defenses and has to be the worst idea ever thought up by man. Yet, in a recent poll, 69% of doctors and 62% of nurses voted to keep thimerosal in flu vaccines to protect against avian flu.[xxi] Even though mercury toxicity can cause flu and or lead to worsening consequences of having the flu, doctors and nurses stubbornly back medical experiments on our children for no one, in fact, knows what the long-term effects are of having yearly mercury-laden flu vaccines administered starting at age of six months. 

 

The FDA questioned Thimerosal safety several times and decided
 in 1982 that it was "not safe for 'over-the-counter' topical use,
 because of its potential for cell damage," The FDA never did
 anything to question its use in childhood vaccines.

     There has been much confusion about the actual amount of mercury in vaccines even among the medical establishment[xxii] that got caught with its pants down at the end of the 1990’s when the FDA, as mandated by FDAMA, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 demanded a review of all medical products containing mercury. Today, confusion remains because the number of micrograms of mercury per mL of vaccine (ppm of mercury) in the vaccine is confused with the micrograms of mercury in each dose of vaccine administered. For the "Thimerosal Preserved" vaccines, a 0.5-mL adult dose provides about 25 micrograms (25,000 nanograms) of mercury and a 0.25-mL children’s dose provides about 12.5 micrograms (12,500 nanograms) of mercury.

 

200 micrograms of mercury would fit on the head of a pin.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
dropping that pinhead of mercury into 23 gallons of water
 would make it unsafe for human consumption.
[xxiii]

 

     Since the molecular weight of mercury is 200.59 g/mole (or 200.59 micrograms per micromole) and a g mole contains about 6.0221367 X 10 to the 23 power atoms, 50 micrograms of mercury is about 2.1425 X 10 to the 11 power atoms or: about 214,250,000,000 atoms of mercury. Divide that huge number by four and you get the approximate number of atoms injected into a six month baby if Chiron's Fluvirin and Aventis' Fluzone is used. [Note: Since the guidelines recommend 2 doses of flu vaccine [30 days apart] for the initial vaccination, the 6-month-old child will get twice this amount by 7 months if the recommended schedule is followed.] If all these numbers and zeroes makes you dizzy, it comes down to this: There are many doctors, nurses and public health officials that recommend you inject your baby with approximately 53 trillion atoms of mercury on a regular basis starting at six months of age. In general, the FDA accepts an each-dose range for the mercury level from 75% to 125% of the nominal level in each formulation; so, at six months, your child could get upward of approximately 75 trillion atoms of mercury injected directly into their bodies from the Thimerosal-preserved vaccine alone.[xxiv]

 

     Different researchers have done experiments with what are considered traces and have shown that thimerosal “to cause adverse effects on MS activity at concentrations well below the levels produced by thimerosal containing vaccines,” said Dr. Waly and associates at Northeastern University.[xxv] Dr. David Baskin at the department of Neurosurgery at Baylor College of Medicine demonstrated, “that thimerosal in micromolar concentrations rapidly induce membrane and DNA damage, and initiate caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in human neurons and fibroblasts.” In their studies cells were incubated with 125nM – 250uM concentrations of thimerosal and they reported that thimerosal is toxic if applied in micromolar concentrations from 1uM to 250uM.[xxvi] Dr. J. Curtis Pendergrass and Dr. Boyd Haley who did experiments at Kentucky University concur saying, “Pure thimerosal was toxic at the low nanomolar level – an extremely low concentration, about 10,000 times less than the thimerosal concentration found in most vaccines. These results leave little doubt about thimerosal being the toxic agent in the vaccines.”

 

I am ashamed that our country is misleading other
 parts of the world with regards to the thimerosal issue.
[xxvii]

                                                                                           Dr. Boyd Haley

 

    Certain ideas are indecent, mean and cruel. Injecting mercury directly into our children easily qualifies as the all time meanest, cruelest, most indecent medical practice in history and those who favor this will be remembered as medical barbarians. These doctors are worse than surgeons refusing to wash their hands. Their crimes and practices of medical insanity (injecting the most toxic non radioactive substance) into babies is made much worse because the scientific information about the toxicity of mercury is widely available.

 

 
 
 

References


[i] Bollyn, Christopher. The Unhealthy Consequences of Chloraminated. Water Chloraminated water kills fish and reptiles. When it was added to the San Francisco water supply it nearly had the same effect on some humans. “I almost died,” Denise Kula Johnson of Menlo Park said the day after chloramines were added to her water supply. “I was in the shower and suddenly I could not breathe. I passed out on the floor. I was terrified.” According to Dr. Winn Parker the most at-risk groups from chloraminated water are: the fetus in the first trimester, children to age three, people over age 60 and those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).http://www.americanfreepress.net/html/chloraminated_water.html

[ii] Dr. Barbara Starfield of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) that 106,000 people in the United States alone die from non-error, negative effects of drugs. In England that number is approximated to be 20,000. (Kohn L, ed, Corrigan J, ed, Donaldson M, ed. "To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System." Washington, DC: National Academy Press); 1

[iii] Dr. Paul Connett posted on 20 July 2005 at 4:55 am. I am really surprised that Medical News Today published the puff piece from the American Dental Association about their celebration of 60 years of fluoridation, but missed the real news from last week. This was the revelation carried by the Washington Post and the Associated Press (July 13, 2005) that a Harvard thesis has shown a connection between water fluoridation and a 700% increase in osteosarcoma in young men if they are exposed to fluoridated water during their 6th to 8th years. Particularly disturbing is the information that the thesis adviser, Porfessor Cheser Douglass, who is also a consultant to Colgate, has covered up these results in talks to the public and in a report to his funding agency. Both the NIEHS and Harvard University are investigating his conduct.

[iv] Phthalates is the group name for chemical substances based on phthalic acid. Phthalates are chemicals used to make plastics flexible and they have been implicated in causing premature breast development in girls, which is a condition called thelarche. There has been an epidemic of thelarche on the island of Puerto Rico for the last two decades where affected girls begin breast development between the ages of 6 and 24 months. Researchers have finally concluded that the cause is phthalates. There is some indication that phthalates may also affect thyroid function.

[v] http://www.mindfully.org/Plastic/Plasticizers/phthalates.htm

[vi] Endocrine disruptors interfere with the functioning of the endocrine system, in at least four possible ways:

1) mimic or partly mimic the sex steroid hormones estrogens (the female sex hormone) and androgens (the male sex hormone) by binding to hormone receptors or influencing cell signaling pathways. Those that act like estrogen are called environmental estrogens.

2) block, prevent and alter hormonal binding to hormone receptors or influencing cell signaling pathways. Chemicals that block or antagonize hormones are labeled anti-estrogens or anti-androgens.

3) affect the synthesis, transport, metabolism and excretion of hormones, thus altering theconcentrations of natural hormones.

4) modify the making and function of hormone receptors.

[vii] Peter Waldman. Wall Street Journal. New York, N.Y.: Jul 25, 2005. pg. A.1

[viii] Munoz-de-Toro, Mônica et al. Perinatal exposure to Bisphenol A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice. Endocrinology. May 2005 doi:10.1210/en.2005-0340

[ix] McKay Jr., Charles A., Holland,  Michael G, Nelson, Lewis S.  EDITORIAL: A Call To Arms For Medical Toxicologists: The Dose, Not The Detection, Makes The Poison . International Journal of Medical Toxicology. Int J Med Toxicol 2003; 6(1):1     http://www.ijmt.net/6_1/6_1_1.htm

[x] National reports on human exposure to environmental chemicals have been issued by the CDC every two years since 1999. For this year’s report, issued in July of 2005, CDC’s Environmental Health Laboratory measured 148 chemicals or their breakdown products in blood or urine. The samples for this report were collected from 2,400 people who participated in CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2002. NHANES is an ongoing national health survey of the general U.S. population. The report provides exposure data on the U.S. population by age, sex, and race or ethnicity.

[xi] Dr. Jim Pirkle is the deputy director for science at CDC’s Environmental Health Laboratory.    

[xii] http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/perchlorate/perchlorate.html

[xiii] Environmental Working Group: Perchlorate, the explosive main ingredient of rocket and missile fuel, contaminates drinking water supplies, groundwater or soil in hundreds of locations in at least 43 states Well over 20 million people drink water from public and private sources known to be polluted with perchlorate. This estimate includes millions of customers of 81 contaminated public water systems in California and aproximately 20 million customers in the three states who get at least part of their drinking water from the perchlorate-tainted Colorado River.

http://www.ewg.org/reports/rocketwater/

[xiv] http://www.gilroydispatch.com/news/contentview.asp?c=146576

[xv] Environmental Working Group: Atrazine contaminates the tap water of more than 10 million people in the Midwest (EWG, 1999) and causes more health standard violations in tap water than any other EPA-regulated chemical pollutant. Water utilities spend at least $30 million per year now testing and treating tapwater for the chemical. Given the new information on the dangers atrazine poses to children, and the costs water suppliers would face to provide safe water to infants and children, EPA should ban atrazine.

[xvi] Sanders, Robert. Popular weed killer atrazine feminizes native frogs across Midwest, could be impacting amphibian populations worldwide 30 October 2002. University of Berkely. http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2002/10/30_frogs.html

[xvii] Baskin, David, Ngo, Hop,  Didenko, Vladamir. Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, capase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts. ToxSci Advanced Access published May 28, 2003

[xviii] Haley, Boyd. Mercury and Thimerosal Toxicity: A Factor in Autism

[xix] The step was taken after it was found additional ingredients such as chili powder, tamarind pulp and some salts used in some sweets can boost the lead content beyond allowable levels. The lead is believed to come from improperly washed and stored ingredients grown in lead-contaminated soils. Another source is the candy wrapper printed with inks containing the metal. "This new guidance level will further reduce an already minimal risk from lead exposure in candy," said Acting FDA Commissioner Andrew von Eschenbach. The new guidance is expected to take effect next year, the FDA said. Lead poisoning is linked to behavioral problems and learning disabilities and can even cause seizures or death. The risk is the highest for children under age 7 because of their quick growth.

[xx] 2.5 ppm (2,500 ppb) for the GSK "reduced Thimerosal" Fluarix vaccine to: 2.0 ppm (2,000 ppb) for the Chiron "Trace Thimerosal" Fluvirin (not being delivered in 2005) vaccine to: "0" ppm for the Aventis "preservative free" Fluzone (Aventis' alternative to their previous "trace Thimerosal" vaccine.

[xxi] At a recent meeting of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee, some experts said that state laws banning the use of thimerosal, a mercury-containing vaccine preservative, could hinder efforts to protect the US population from avian influenza. Which of the following would you prefer? Total Responses: 760 Poll conducted 20-Dec-2005 - 27-Dec-2005  

http://www.medscape.com/px/instantpollservlet/filterpoll?PollID=1641&BackURL=/px/instantpollservlet/result?PollID=1641&Profession=Nurse/Advanced%20Practice%20Nurse

[xxii] The fact is that today, most routinely recommended pediatric vaccines manufactured for the U.S. market still contain thimerosal, though according to the IOM, “only trace” amounts remain. And of course this is exactly what they thought five years ago. In 1999, Dr Neal Halsey, who heads the Hopkins Institute for Vaccine Safety said, ‘‘my first reaction was simply disbelief, which was the reaction of almost everybody involved in vaccines. In most vaccine containers, thimerosal is listed as a mercury derivative, a hundredth of a percent. And what I believed, and what everybody else believed, was that it was truly a trace, a biologically insignificant amount. My honest belief is that if the labels had had the mercury content in micrograms, this would have been uncovered years ago. But the fact is, no one did the calculation.”

[xxiii] EPA - Consumer Fact sheet on: MERCURY – Safe limit in water is 2ppb

[xxiv] The variability is lot-to-lot; levels of 48 to 55 micrograms of mercury per mL have been observed in limited testing of lots of a variety of “Thimerosal Preserved” vaccines.

[xxv] Waly, M. et al Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University. Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 1-13

[xxvi] Baskin, David, Ngo, Hop,  Didenko, Vladamir. Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, capase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts. ToxSci Advanced Access published May 28, 2003

[xxvii] Haley, Boyd. Personal Email August 1, 2004

 
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